ABSTRACT
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has become a central pillar of the Philippines’ strategy to address agricultural risks arising from climate variability and intensifying extreme weather events. As one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the Philippines has embedded climate...
ABSTRACT
Geopolitical risks and military conflicts increasingly shape global food and energy systems, triggering ripple effects across agriculture, supply chains, and sustainability efforts. The Russia-Ukraine conflict and recent U.S.-Iran tensions have highlighted major disruptions to global...
ABSTRACT
The palm oil industry is a major pillar of Indonesia’s economy, providing large-scale employment, generating substantial foreign exchange earnings, creating strong multiplier effects, and supporting regional economic growth and infrastructure development. Sumatra Island is one of...
ABSTRACT
Taiwan faces compounding agricultural challenges: a subtropical climate prone to typhoons and drought, an aging farm workforce, shrinking arable land, and a food import dependency exceeding 60% of caloric supply. Against this backdrop, the government has progressively assembled a...
