FFTC Journal of Agricultural Policy

Accepted Manuscripts

Applications and Commercialization of Biopesticides in Bangladesh

Shaikh Tanveer Hossain, Tonmoy Pandit

Biopesticides are essential tools in sustainable agriculture and do not harm the soil, water supply, or wildlife, including beneficial insects. This is one of the main advantages of introducing them into an environmentally friendly farming system. In recent years, the use of biopesticides has increased substantially throughout the world, including Bangladesh, considering human health and environmental factors. With increased environmental awareness, more integrated pest management (IPM) efforts, widening of organic farming, more research and development (R&D) of biopesticides, the use of synthetic pesticides, especially in the case of insecticides, is showing a declining trend, whereas the biopesticide market is growing. Extensive and systematic R&D on the mass production, storage, transport, and application of biopesticides have improved in Bangladesh's public and private sectors to enhance commercial production and use. Data show that the use of chemical pesticides is decreasing in the country due to IPM techniques, balanced use of fertilizers, and growing awareness of pesticide use and training. However, biopesticides are faced with challenges in Bangladesh related to formulation, registration, marketing, acceptance and adoption, as well as the costs when compared to chemical pesticides. There is great potential to replace toxic chemical pesticides with biopesticides in the near future if production protocols can be standardized and the private sector becomes more active. The use of biopesticide-based pest management systems should be accelerated to reduce pest management costs with the minimum risks or hazards to humans and their environment. This review paper gives an overview of biopesticide development, production, policy acts, evolution and trends, commercialization, and applications in sustainable agriculture, including by small-scale farmers.

Keywords: Bangladesh, pesticides, pest, integrated pest management (IPM), organic agriculture

144

Revealing the Crucial Role and Future Prospects of Biofertilizers for Improving Soil Health and Crop Productivity in Eco-Friendly Sustainable Agriculture in Indonesia

Tualar Simarmata, Fiqriah Hanum Khumairah, Fairus Hisanah Hibatullah, Irwandhi, Debora Ambarita, Diyan Herdiyantoro, Nadia Nuraniya Kamaluddin, Anne Nurbaity

Agricultural intensification in Indonesia has largely depended on inorganic fertilizers to  meet the food demands of its rapidly growing population. However, this reliance has resulted in severe environmental challenges including soil degradation, diminished soil fertility, and pollution from chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers, which utilize beneficial microorganisms to promote plant growth and soil health, offer a sustainable alternative for agriculture. This article presents a comprehensive overview of biofertilizers in Indonesia, through bibliometric analysis and literature review examining their development, current status, and effectiveness. It categorizes different types of biofertilizers, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, mycorrhizal fungi, water fern Azolla, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, and biofertilizers, based on local knowledge, assessing their role in improving soil health and crop productivity. The review highlights that biofertilizers enhance  soil properties by increasing nutrient availability, organic matter content, and microbial activity. Studies show that crops treated with biofertilizers demonstrate better growth, higher yields, and greater resilience to stress compared to those reliant on chemical fertilizers. The use of microorganisms like Azospirillum, Rhizobium, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas has significantly improved soil nitrogen and phosphorus levels, contributing to better root development and plant health. Despite these advantages, the adoption of biofertilizers in Indonesia is hindered by challenges such as inconsistent results in the field, limited farmer awareness, and inadequate infrastructure for production and distribution. To address these barriers, the article suggests strategies including farmer education, the development of region-specific strains, and inclusive government policies. It also underscores the importance of enhancing research and development as well as improving distribution networks to ensure the quality and accessibility. In conclusion, biofertilizers have substantial role to support eco-friendly sustainable agriculture in Indonesia. By  addressing current obstacles through targeted interventions,widespread adoption can be achieved, leading to improved soil health, higher crop productivity, and reduced environmental impact,—the key factors for ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability and food security in Indonesia.

Keywords: bibliometric, biofertilizers, future prospect, policy, soil health

109