Eco-friendly agriculture (satoyama and satoumi)

UPLAND AGRICULTURE IN THAILAND Uplands in Thailand, like in many other ASEAN countries, are considered highly important and vulnerable in both ecological and social aspects. Their functions as source of headwaters and controlling water cycle and water balance have profound and far-reaching effects...
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Biomass energy or bioenergy, in 2015, was the fourth largest source of the total primary energy supply (TPES) in the world[1]. According to Renewable Energy Development Act in Taiwan, the biomass energy (Article 3.2) is defined as “energy produced by utilizing or processing the agricultural...
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INTRODUCITON In Thailand, there are mangrove forests along the coastal areas. They play a major role in the ecosystem. They also protects the coastal environment by reducing the erosion and the striking of heavy waves and strong winds along the coast (Pumijumnong, 2014). Moreover, mangrove forests...
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INTRODUCTION The forests in Taiwan, which covers approximately 2.1 million hectares[1], occupy almost 60.1% of the total land area of the island. It is an important habitat for various animals and plants; it also helps to conserve clean and pure water resource for its residents and communities...
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Introduction At the present moment, Namibia is using a considerable amount of bioenergy to meet its energy demands for various reasons such as domestic cooking and heating needs (e.g. wood and charcoal). But nevertheless, the environmental impact and emission levels emanating from burning of...
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