Rapid population aging, urbanization, and changes in family structure across Asia have reshaped social problems. Although earlier policies focused on alleviating material poverty, many Asian societies now face growing challenges related to social isolation, loneliness, and the care gap among older adults. In Japan, the decline in multigenerational households and the rise of single-person elderly households have substantially reduced everyday social interactions. Consequently, many older adults, particularly those experiencing cognitive or physical decline, have limited social support and an increased vulnerability. Under these conditions, conventional sectoral policies treating agriculture, welfare, and healthcare as separate domains are insufficient. Instead, integrated frameworks supporting social participation, meaningful activities, and community-based care are required. In this context, agriculture is increasingly reconsidered not only as a sector of food production but also as a potential platform for care, inclusion, and social connection. In Japan, this shift has been reflected in the development of “noufukurenkei” (agriculture–welfare collaboration), supported by government initiatives and the establishment of the Social Farming Academic Society of Japan. This study synthesizes international literature and empirical studies conducted in Japan to examine the emerging role of agriculture as a social infrastructure in aging societies. Accumulating empirical evidence supports care-oriented agriculture. Early studies in Japan developed dementia care programs based on rice farming in Niigata Prefecture and demonstrated high feasibility and participation rates. Improvements in the quality of life, specific cognitive functions, and applicability to older adults with psychiatric conditions have been demonstrated. Care farms can produce greater improvements in quality of life than conventional day-care services. Urban adaptations of this model in Tokyo have demonstrated benefits, including enhanced social interaction. Participation in agricultural activities has been associated with improved mental health among care staff and may serve as a form of post-diagnostic support for people with dementia, addressing the “blank period” that often follows diagnosis. Beyond the clinical outcomes, agricultural environments may promote well-being through shared productive activities, reduced hierarchical roles, and engagement in natural processes. Taken together, these findings suggest that agriculture can function as a form of social infrastructure that supports participation, care, and community resilience in aging societies.
Keywords: Social farming, Care farms, Population aging, Agriculture–welfare collaboration, Community-based care
在此脈絡之下,農業已被重新視為不單只是一個糧食生產部門,更是兼具照顧、包容和社會連結潛力的平台。在日本,此一可見於「農福聯結」(noufuku renkei,即農業與福利合作)的發展,並獲得政府倡議和日本社會農業學會(Social Farming Academic Society of Japan)成立的支持。
Link to the original full article: https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/3958
ABSTRACT
Rapid population aging, urbanization, and changes in family structure across Asia have reshaped social problems. Although earlier policies focused on alleviating material poverty, many Asian societies now face growing challenges related to social isolation, loneliness, and the care gap among older adults. In Japan, the decline in multigenerational households and the rise of single-person elderly households have substantially reduced everyday social interactions. Consequently, many older adults, particularly those experiencing cognitive or physical decline, have limited social support and an increased vulnerability. Under these conditions, conventional sectoral policies treating agriculture, welfare, and healthcare as separate domains are insufficient. Instead, integrated frameworks supporting social participation, meaningful activities, and community-based care are required. In this context, agriculture is increasingly reconsidered not only as a sector of food production but also as a potential platform for care, inclusion, and social connection. In Japan, this shift has been reflected in the development of “noufuku renkei” (agriculture–welfare collaboration), supported by government initiatives and the establishment of the Social Farming Academic Society of Japan. This study synthesizes international literature and empirical studies conducted in Japan to examine the emerging role of agriculture as a social infrastructure in aging societies. Accumulating empirical evidence supports care-oriented agriculture. Early studies in Japan developed dementia care programs based on rice farming in Niigata Prefecture and demonstrated high feasibility and participation rates. Improvements in the quality of life, specific cognitive functions, and applicability to older adults with psychiatric conditions have been demonstrated. Care farms can produce greater improvements in quality of life than conventional day-care services. Urban adaptations of this model in Tokyo have demonstrated benefits, including enhanced social interaction. Participation in agricultural activities has been associated with improved mental health among care staff and may serve as a form of post-diagnostic support for people with dementia, addressing the “blank period” that often follows diagnosis. Beyond the clinical outcomes, agricultural environments may promote well-being through shared productive activities, reduced hierarchical roles, and engagement in natural processes. Taken together, these findings suggest that agriculture can function as a form of social infrastructure that supports participation, care, and community resilience in aging societies.
Keywords: Social farming, Care farms, Population aging, Agriculture–welfare collaboration, Community-based care
摘要
亞洲各地的人口快速老化、都市化以及家庭結構的變遷,已重新形塑了社會問題。儘管早期的政策著重於緩解物質匱乏,但許多亞洲社會如今正面臨與社會孤立、孤獨感以及高齡者照顧缺口等相關的嚴峻挑戰。
在日本,多世代同堂家庭的減少與獨居長者的增加,大幅減少了人們間日常的社會互動。因此,許多高齡者–特別是那些認知、或身體功能退化者–所能獲得的社會支持極為有限,且脆弱性日益增加。在此情況下,將農業、福利和醫療保健視為獨立範疇的傳統政策已顯不足。相反地,現在需要的是能夠支持社會參與、有意義活動以及社區照顧的整合性框架。
在此脈絡之下,農業已被重新視為不單只是一個糧食生產部門,更是兼具照顧、包容和社會連結潛力的平台。在日本,此一可見於「農福聯結」(noufuku renkei,即農業與福利合作)的發展,並獲得政府倡議和日本社會農業學會(Social Farming Academic Society of Japan)成立的支持。
本文整合了國際文獻以及在日本進行的實證研究,以探討在老齡化社會中,農業作為一種社會基礎設施所呈現的全新角色。
持續累積的實務性證據支持了以照顧為導向的農業。日本早期的研究在新潟縣開發了以水稻耕作為基礎的失智症照顧方案,並證實了其高度的可行性與參與率。研究也證實農業在提升生活品質、改善特定認知功能,以及對患有精神疾病的高齡者的適用性。與傳統的日間照顧服務機構相比,照顧型農場能為生活品質帶來更加顯著的提升。此模式在東京的都市化調適經驗也展現了包含促進社會互動在內的諸多益處。
參與型農業活動已被證實也與照顧人員的心靈健康提升具有相關性,並可作為失智症患者的一種診後支持,填補診斷後經常出現的「空白期」。除了臨床的成效之外,農業作業環境還可能透過共同性的生產活動、階級界線的模糊化、以及與自然接觸的過程,來促進福祉。
整體而言,本文認為農業可以發揮社會基礎設施的功能,在老齡化社會中支持社會參與、照顧和提升社區韌性。
要約
アジア全域における急速な人口高齢化、都市化、そして家族構造の変化は、社会問題を大きく変えている。かつては物質的困窮の緩和に焦点を当てた政策が主流であったが、現在では多くの近隣アジア社会が、高齢者の社会的孤立、孤独、介護不足に関わる課題の増大に直面している。
日本においては、多世代同居世帯の減少と高齢者単身世帯の増加により、日常生活における社会的交流が大幅に減少した。その結果、多くの高齢者、特に認知機能や身体機能の低下を経験している人々は、限定的な社会的支援しか得られず、脆弱性が高まっている。このような状況下では、農業、福祉、医療を個別の領域として扱う従来の縦割り政策では不十分である。むしろ、社会的参加、意味のある活動、そして地域包括ケアを支援する統合的な枠組みが必要とされている。
こうした背景から、農業は単なる食料生産セクターとしてだけでなく、ケア、包容(インクルージョン)、そして社会的つながりのための潜在的なプラットフォームとして再評価されつつある。日本におけるこのシフトは、政府のイニシアチブや日本社会的農業学会の設立に支えられた「農福連携」の発展に反映されている。
本研究は、高齢化社会における社会インフラとしての農業の新たな役割を検証するため、国際的な文献および日本国内で実施された実証研究を統合したものである。
蓄積された実証的エビデンスは、ケア指向型の農業を支持している。日本における初期の研究では、新潟県において稲作をベースとした認知症ケアプログラムが開発され、高い実現可能性と参加率が示された。また、QOL(生活の質)の向上、特定の認知機能の改善、および精神疾患を持つ高齢者への適用可能性が実証されている。ケアファーム(ケア農場)は、従来のデイサービスよりも大きなQOL向上をもたらす可能性がある。東京におけるこのモデルの都市型適応でも、社会交流の促進を含む効果が実証された。
農業活動への参加は、ケアスタッフのメンタルヘルスの向上とも関連しており、認知症診断後にしばしば訪れる「空白の期間」に対応する、診断後支援(ポスト・ダイアグノスティック・サポート)の一形態として機能する可能性がある。臨床的な成果にとどまらず、農業環境は、共同での生産活動、階層的役割の軽減、そして自然のプロセスとの関わりを通じて、幸福感(ウェルビーイング)を促進する可能性がある。
総じて、これらの知見は、農業が高齢化社会における参加、ケア、およびコミュニティの回復力(レジリエンス)を支える社会インフラの一形態として機能し得ることを示唆している。