This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the development and operational performance of South Korea’s agricultural insurance system, focusing on the Crop Disaster Insurance (CDI) program since its inception in 2001 and the more recent Agricultural Revenue Insurance pilot scheme. Over the past 25 years, Korea has established a robust national safety net, achieving a 135-fold increase in insured area and expanding coverage to 76 crops as of 2025. The success of the program is rooted in a unique public-private partnership model, in which the government provides substantial premium subsidies—reducing the farmer's actual burden to approximately 15.1%—and acts as the final guarantor through a national reinsurance scheme. While the program has matured significantly, it faces ongoing challenges, including high volatility in loss ratios in certain regions and the need for more sophisticated risk management tools. Looking ahead, the report outlines short-term goals, such as expanding revenue insurance—highlighted by a dramatic budget surge to USD 141.4 million in 2025—and medium- to long-term strategies involving the integration of ICT technologies (drones, satellites, and yield-monitoring sensors) and structural reforms to strengthen product planning. These experiences offer valuable institutional and fiscal blueprints for other Asian countries seeking to enhance farm management stability amid rising climate and market volatility.
Keywords: Agricultural Disaster Insurance (ADI), Revenue Insurance, Loss Ratio & Volatility, Farmer Premium Subsidy, Republic of Korea
https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/3955
ABSTRACT
This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the development and operational performance of South Korea’s agricultural insurance system, focusing on the Crop Disaster Insurance (CDI) program since its inception in 2001 and the more recent Agricultural Revenue Insurance pilot scheme. Over the past 25 years, Korea has established a robust national safety net, achieving a 135-fold increase in insured area and expanding coverage to 76 crops as of 2025. The success of the program is rooted in a unique public-private partnership model, in which the government provides substantial premium subsidies—reducing the farmer's actual burden to approximately 15.1%—and acts as the final guarantor through a national reinsurance scheme. While the program has matured significantly, it faces ongoing challenges, including high volatility in loss ratios in certain regions and the need for more sophisticated risk management tools. Looking ahead, the report outlines short-term goals, such as expanding revenue insurance—highlighted by a dramatic budget surge to USD 141.4 million in 2025—and medium- to long-term strategies involving the integration of ICT technologies (drones, satellites, and yield-monitoring sensors) and structural reforms to strengthen product planning. These experiences offer valuable institutional and fiscal blueprints for other Asian countries seeking to enhance farm management stability amid rising climate and market volatility.
Keywords: Agricultural Disaster Insurance (ADI), Revenue Insurance, Loss Ratio & Volatility, Farmer Premium Subsidy, Republic of Korea
摘要
本文係針對南韓農業保險系統的發展與營運績效進行了全面性的分析，特別聚焦於自2001年起開辦的農作物災害保險（Crop Disaster Insurance, CDI）計畫，以及近年開始推動的農業收入保險（Agricultural Revenue Insurance）試辦計畫。在過去的25年之中，南韓已建立了一道健全的國家安全網，截至2025年為止，投保農地面積已增長135倍，納保作物也擴大到76種。
該計畫的成功之處來自於其獨特的公私合營（PPP）模式–其中政府針對保費提供了優渥的財務補助，將農民的實際保費負擔減輕至約15.1%，並透過國家再保險機制（national reinsurance scheme）作為最終的擔保人。儘管該計畫內容已明顯成熟，但卻仍面臨持續的挑戰，包括某些區域的損失率（loss ratios）呈現高度波動的情況，以及對能更更加精密管理風險的工具需求。
展望未來，本文概述了短期目標，例如擴大收入保險–此可見地於2025年的預算大幅飆升至1.414億美元；以及中長期策略，包括導入資通訊技術（ICT）（如無人機、衛星與田間產量感測器）與結構性改革以強化商品的規劃。這些經驗可在氣候與市場波動日益加劇之際、為其他在尋找提升農家經營穩定性的亞洲國家，提供了寶貴的體制與財政藍圖借鏡。
要約
本報告は、2001年の創設以来の農作物災害保険（CDI）プログラムと、より近年導入された農業収入保険（Agricultural Revenue Insurance）のパイロット事業を中心に、韓国の農業保険システムの発展と運用のパフォーマンスについて包括的な分析を提供するものである。過去25年間で、韓国は強固な国家的セーフティネットを構築し、2025年時点で保険対象面積を135倍に拡大させ、対象作物を76品目にまで広げた。
このプログラムの成功は、独自の官民連携（PPP）モデルに根ざしている。このモデルでは、政府が手厚い保険料補助を提供することで農家の実質負担を約 15.1% にまで軽減し、さらに国家再保険制度を通じて政府が最終保証人として機能している。プログラムは大幅に成熟したものの、特定地域における損害率の大きな変動や、より高度なリスク管理ツールの必要性など、現在も課題に面している。
今後について、本報告では、2025年に1億4,140万米ドルへと予算が急増したことに象徴される収入保険の拡大などの短期目標と、ICT技術（ドローン、人工衛星、収量モニタリングセンサー）の統合や商品企画力強化のための構造改革を含む中長期戦略を概説している。これらの経験は、気候や市場の変動性が高まる中で営農の安定性向上を目指す他のアジア諸国に対して、価値ある制度的・財政的な青写真を提供するものである。